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The Chang’e-5 (CE-5) mission, the first return of lunar samples to Earth since the Apollo and Luna missions more than 44 years ago, landed on one of the youngest mare basalt units (1.0-3.0 Ga, based on superposed crater counts), located at middle latitude (~43°N) far from previous landing sites. On December 17, 2020, the sample capsule returned to Earth with 1731 grams of lunar soil collected from the upper few centimeters of the surface and from an ~1 meter-long core drilled into the lunar regolith. This paper summarizes the main discoveries of the CE-5 samples allocated since July 12, 2021, and measured with state-of-the-art analytical techniques. Physical property studies indicate that the CE-5 soil is mature, with a peak particle size of ~50 µm (in volume), and a particle size distribution similar to the sub-mature and mature Apollo lunar soils (3+, have been found. In situ reflectance spectra and laboratory analyses of CE-5 soil show the presence of water (in the form of H, OH, and/or H2O). The solar wind hydrogen was implanted and concentrated in the outermost rims (
Chen et al. (Sun,) studied this question.