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Recent studies on developing in manufacturing processes with economic and environmental-friendly logics have shown that many researchers are inclined to replace inefficient techniques with the new and efficient ones. Meanwhile, the machining industry, with its wide range of different processes, has accounted for a large share of industrial production. Cutting fluid (CF) is an inseparable part of machining processes, which their detailed study can have comprehensive feedback, including production costs, product quality, and human and environmental health. Knowing that over 65% of lubricants disposals return to the environment with no purification process, and increasing regulations over pollution, therefore, suitable lubricant is demanded to replace with risky and low-efficiency one. The use of nanofluids is a practical solution to problems in today's industry that has been proposed by many researchers around the world. The present study has carefully studied the impact of various nanofluids in different sectors of the machining industry. The challenges of nanofluids such as biological effects, cost of nanoparticle production, and process limitations such as nanoparticles instability, changes in properties at high temperatures, increasing viscosity and pressure drop in transmission line are among the most important factors in the advancement of nanofluids, which were reviewed in the present work. Among them and as an important issue that many researchers haven't studied very well is the instability of the nanoparticles, which leads to nanoparticles adhesion to each other and weakening of the Brownian motion. Therefore, the stability of nanoparticles in the nanofluid is greatly reduced and they deposited rapidly, which fluid environment becomes empty of nanoparticles. Surface active agents (surfactant) can be a solution to this harmful phenomenon, which in the work, it has been tried to explain this issue in detail.
Musavi et al. (Wed,) studied this question.