Key result
Neurohumoral control of sinoatrial node activity and heart rate is complex, occurring through the autonomic nervous system and various circulating and locally released factors that modulate the coupled-clock pacemaker system.
Why the study?
Control of sinoatrial node activity is complex, involving autonomic and humoral factors, and gaps remain in understanding how neurohumoral signaling manipulates the coupled-clock pacemaker system.
This review summarizes current knowledge on the neurohumoral control of the sinoatrial node and heart rate, highlighting gaps for future research.
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Neurohumoral sinoatrial node control remains incompletely mapped; leaves open mechanistic gaps requiring targeted investigation.
The sinoatrial node is perhaps one of the most important tissues in the entire body: it is the natural pacemaker of the heart, making it responsible for initiating each-and-every normal heartbeat. As such, its activity is heavily controlled, allowing heart rate to rapidly adapt to changes in physiological demand. Control of sinoatrial node activity, however, is complex, occurring through the autonomic nervous system and various circulating and locally released factors. In this review we discuss the coupled-clock pacemaker system and how its manipulation by neurohumoral signaling alters heart rate, considering the multitude of canonical and non-canonical agents that are known to modulate sinoatrial node activity. For each, we discuss the principal receptors involved and known intracellular signaling and protein targets, highlighting gaps in our knowledge and understanding from experimental models and human studies that represent areas for future research.
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MacDonald et al. (2020) conducted a review in Sinoatrial node activity and heart rate regulation. Neurohumoral agents was evaluated. Neurohumoral control of sinoatrial node activity and heart rate is complex, occurring through the autonomic nervous system and various circulating and locally released factors that modulate the coupled-clock pacemaker system.
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