Use of Continuous Infusion Hydralazine in a Pediatric Patient on Mechanical Circulatory Support

Hydralazine is a direct peripheral arterial vasodilator used for acute hypertension. Usually administered as a bolus dose, continuous infusion has been described during pregnancy for preeclampsia and eclampsia and in limited reports in cardiac surgeries for afterload reduction. This case describes the use of continuous infusion hydralazine for afterload reduction in an infant receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) post-cardiac surgery. Postsurgery, the patient's mean arterial pressures (MAPs) could not be controlled despite escalating doses of vasodilatory medications including nitroprusside, nicardipine, and milrinone; hence, continuous infusion hydralazine was initiated. Although the initiation of a hydralazine infusion produced a decrease in MAP, the response was unsustainable. This case highlights an alternative method for managing systemic vascular resistance and cardiac output to allow for myocardial recovery after cardiac surgery and use of extracorporeal support. At the time of this writing, this is the first published case describing hydralazine administration via continuous infusion in pediatric patients. The use of continuous infusion hydralazine for afterload reduction provided a brief, non-sustained reduction in MAP in a post-cardiac surgery infant managed on ECMO support.