Key result
Between 2019 and 2020 in Thailand, PCV2 was detected in 54.2% of swine samples, with 84.3% of sequenced strains identified as PCV2d, predominantly featuring a novel 133HDAM136 mutation.
Why the study?
Porcine circovirus 2 is a recognized causative agent of porcine circovirus diseases affecting the global swine industry, prompting investigation into the genetic diversity of strains circulating in Thailand.
Cross-Sectional (n=742)
A novel cluster of PCV2d strains with a unique mutation in an immunoreactive domain has emerged as the predominant porcine circovirus in Thailand, potentially impacting vaccine efficacy.
Ongoing PCV2 circulation in Thai swine signals need for continued monitoring; leaves open optimal vaccine strain matching.
Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) has been recognized as a causative agent of porcine circovirus diseases (PCVDs) affecting the global swine industry. In this study, the genetic diversity of PCV2 strains circulating in Thailand between 2019 and 2020 was investigated using 742 swine clinical samples from 145 farms. The results showed PCV2-positive rates of 54.2% (402/742) and 81.4% (118/145) at the sample and farm levels, respectively. Genetic analysis of 51 Thai PCV2 genomic sequences showed that 84.3% (43/51) was PCV2d, 13.7% (7/51) was PCV2b and 1.9% (1/51) was PCV2b/2d recombinant virus. Surprisingly, the majority of the Thai PCV2d sequences from this study (69.77%, 30/43) formed a novel cluster on a phylogenetic tree and contained a unique 133 HDAM 136 on the ORF2 deduced amino acid sequence, which is in one of the previously identified immunoreactive domains strongly involved in virus neutralization. The PCV2b/2d recombinant virus also carried 133 HDAM 136 . The emergence of the novel PCV2d strains predominating in Thailand was discussed. This study highlights the need for further investigations on the spreading of these PCV2d strains in other regions and the efficacy of current commercial vaccines.
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Sirisereewan et al. (2023) conducted a cross-sectional in Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) infection (n=742). Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) was evaluated on PCV2-positive rate. Between 2019 and 2020 in Thailand, PCV2 was detected in 54.2% of swine samples, with 84.3% of sequenced strains identified as PCV2d, predominantly featuring a novel 133HDAM136 mutation.
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