What question did this study set out to answer?

To systematically review the literature on phalloplasty to understand surgical techniques, complication rates, and trends over the past 25 years.

August 1, 2026Microsurgery

The Evolution of Phalloplasty for Masculinizing Gender Affirming Surgery: A Systematic Review of Surgical Techniques and Complications Over the Past 25 Years

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To systematically review the literature on phalloplasty to understand surgical techniques, complication rates, and trends over the past 25 years.
Conducted a literature review using PubMed, Medline, Scopus, and Embase.
Included original studies published in English from 2000 to 2025 with more than three patients and gender affirmation as indication for phalloplasty.
Divided studies into two groups based on publication year for comparative analysis (2000-2010 vs. 2011-2025).
Overall, included 45 articles with a total of 2586 patients.
Radial forearm free flap was used in 65.3% of cases; tube-in-a-tube technique preferred for neourethral reconstruction saw a decrease from 85.8% (Group 1) to 64.4% (Group 2, p < 0.01).
Complication rates were significant, with urinary complications like urethral fistulas occurring in 25.7% (Group 1) and 36.6% (Group 2).

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Implication

Systematic review assesses evolving surgical techniques and complications in gender affirming phalloplasty, highlighting key trends and gaps in evidence.

Cite This Study

Tinajero et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a6d983ee258b358b3c6b53e https://doi.org/10.1002/micr.70273

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Implication

Systematic review assesses evolving surgical techniques and complications in gender affirming phalloplasty, highlighting key trends and gaps in evidence.

The Evolution of Phalloplasty for Masculinizing Gender Affirming Surgery: A Systematic Review of Surgical Techniques and Complications Over the Past 25 Years

Key Points

Discussion

Implication

Cite This Study

The Evolution of Phalloplasty for Masculinizing Gender Affirming Surgery: A Systematic Review of Surgical Techniques and Complications Over the Past 25 Years

Key Points

Discussion

Implication

Cite This Study

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