Soybean production systems in the southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo: Characterization of agricultural practices and performance

This study analyses the agricultural practices, production systems and crop performance of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) in Haut-Katanga Province, which is located in the southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. The objective was to identify the agroecological, technical and socio-economic factors influencing yields to propose avenues for sustainable intensification in a tropical context characterized by significant environmental constraints. A survey involving 237 producers from five territories, Kasenga, Kipushi, Kambove, Pweto and Sakania, was carried out. Data collection relied on structured survey form and field observations focusing on production, production systems and soybean cultivation cycle duration. The results revealed a predominance of subsistence agriculture (61.6%), low mechanization (95.9% manual ploughing) and limited access to certified seeds (42.9%). Yields vary significantly between territories, ranging from less than 0.5 t/ha in Kambove to more than 1.3 t/ha in Kasenga and Sakania. The regression model explains 59% of the yield variability, with MAP fertilizer and seed availability emerging as major determinants. These findings highlight the need for an integrated approach combining rational fertilization, rhizobial inoculation, adapted varietal selection and institutional support. These strategies are essential for improving soybean productivity, enhancing food security and promoting sustainable agricultural intensification in Haut-Katanga.