Upper Respiratory Tract Infection: Treatment Guidelines

Upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) are among the most common infectious diseases worldwide and represent a significant cause of morbidity across all age groups. URTIs affect structures including the nasal cavities, sinuses, pharynx, and larynx. These infections are mainly viral in origin, though bacterial pathogens may contribute to complications or secondary infections. URTIs result in substantial healthcare utilization, absenteeism from work and school, and increased economic burden. Risk factors include environmental pollution, overcrowding, smoking, and poor nutritional status. Management primarily focuses on symptomatic treatment, preventive strategies, and rational antibiotic use to prevent resistance. This review summarizes the epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnosis, management, and preventive measures of URTIs.