Eco-Analytical Innovation in Rp-Hplc: A Sustainable Framework for Method Development and Validation

Reverse Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) is one of the most widely used analytical techniques in pharmaceutical analysis for the qualitative and quantitative determination of drugs. However, conventional RP-HPLC methods often require large volumes of organic solvents, which can have adverse environmental and economic impacts. The concept of green analytical chemistry has emerged as an effective approach to minimize hazardous solvent consumption and reduce analytical waste. This review focuses on the development and validation of eco-friendly RP-HPLC methods by employing greener solvents, reducing solvent usage, and optimizing chromatographic conditions. Various aspects of method development, including selection of mobile phase, stationary phase, detection wavelength, flow rate, and system suitability parameters, are discussed. In addition, method validation parameters such as specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ) according to ICH guidelines are reviewed. This review also highlights recent advances in green chromatographic technologies and various greenness assessment tools used for evaluating environmentally sustainable RP-HPLC methods. The findings indicate that eco-friendly RP-HPLC methods can provide reliable analytical performance while significantly reducing environmental impact. Therefore, green RP-HPLC represents a sustainable and efficient approach for modern pharmaceutical analysis.