Research program identifies 27 questions to redefine life systems beyond carbon-based organisms, suggesting new insights.
This work proposes the research framework of inorganic life science, breaking the traditional definition of life limited to organic carbon-based organisms. We sort out core theoretical contradictions existing in the boundary of life definition, artificial intelligence, autonomous systems and geological self-organized structures, and systematically put forward 27 open fundamental problems covering structural autonomy, thermodynamic threshold, information heredity, evolutionary mechanism and cognitive emergence. These questions aim to establish a unified theoretical criterion for judging general life systems and provide research clues for exploring non-carbon life, robot autonomous life and planetary-scale self-organized entities.
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Shuqing Cui (2026) studied this question.
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