Optimizing Inhaler Technique and Medication Adherence in Asthma and Copd: The Role of Pharmacist-Led Interventions

Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are among the most common chronic respiratory disorders worldwide and are associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and healthcare burden. Inhaled therapy delivered through metered dose inhalers (MDIs) and dry powder inhalers (DPIs) remains the cornerstone of disease management; however, incorrect inhaler technique and poor medication adherence continue to compromise treatment effectiveness. This narrative review examines current evidence from prospective and interventional studies published between 2019 and 2024 regarding the optimization of inhaler use in asthma and COPD patients, with particular emphasis on pharmacist-led and clinician-led educational interventions. The reviewed literature demonstrates that structured counseling, practical device demonstrations, video-assisted education, and repeated follow-up significantly reduce critical inhaler technique errors, improve medication adherence as assessed by tools such as the Test of Adherence to Inhalers (TAI), and enhance disease control measured through the Asthma Control Test (ACT) and COPD Assessment Test (CAT). Evidence further indicates that repeated educational reinforcement is essential to prevent technique decay and sustain long-term benefits. Overall, pharmacist-led inhaler optimization programs represent a cost-effective and clinically impactful strategy for improving therapeutic outcomes, reducing exacerbations, and enhancing quality of life in patients with asthma and COPD. Integration of standardized inhaler assessment, adherence monitoring, and clinical pharmacy services into routine respiratory care is strongly recommended to achieve optimal disease management.