Core-electron binding energies of the first thirty elements

A table of core-level binding energies is presented that explicitly takes into account the shifts in electronic binding energies between free atoms and the standard state, usually the metallic state. New values of core-level binding energies for Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni were measured by x-ray photoemission under ultrahigh-vacuum conditions. These were combined with other photoemission, optical, and x-ray data to compile binding-energy values for the first thirty elements both as free atoms and in their standard states. Comparisons are made with theoretical values.