Key result
The overall incidence of surgical site infection was 12.6%, with significant risk factors including female gender, ASA score III, diabetes with hypertension, and pre-operative hospital stays >7 days.
Why the study?
The study was conducted to assess the risk factors and surgical site infections in patients receiving surgical antibiotic prophylaxis in the Indian population.
Cohort (n=1,362)
No
In a cohort of Indian surgical patients, the incidence of surgical site infection was 12.6%, with female gender, ASA class III, prolonged preoperative stay, and nonadherence to guidelines identified as significant risk factors.
Identified SSI risk factors despite SAP support targeted prevention strategies; leaves open whether modifying them reduces incidence in Indian cohorts.
Objective: To assess the risk factors and Surgical Site Infections (SSI) in patients with surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) within the Indian population. Material and Methods: A prospective cohort study, consisting of 1,362 patients, with the age of 18 and above; admitted for various surgical procedures, and prescribed with SAP were included. In order to determine the significance of categorical data, the chi-square test, and Multiple binary logistic regression via the backward wald method was used to identify the risk factors. Various risk factors and their association to SSI were assessed, with a probability value of ≤0.05 being considered as a significant level. Result: In total, 171 SSI were observed; with an incidence of 12.6% [95% CI=11.1-16.6] among all study patients (1,362). Cefotaxime was the most prescribed SAP in this study. In total 59.6% had gram-positive organisms and 40.4% had gram-negative organisms. Type of surgery, female gender, smoking and alcohol, diabetes with hypertension, microbial growth, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score (class III), hospital guidelines, and pre-operative hospital stays (>7 days) were the significant risk factors (p-value<0.05) associated with SSI. There was no significant association with drain use, nor redosing (p-value>0.05). Conclusion: This study emphasizes the significant risk factors; such as age, female gender, types of surgery, ASA score, nonadherence to hospital guidelines, monomicrobial and polymicrobial growth and poor compliance to SAP being associated with SSI in surgical patients. These risk factors allow a better understanding related to SSI, which may have therapeutic implications.
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Sankar et al. (2023) conducted a cohort in Surgical Site Infection (SSI) (n=1,362). Surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) and associated risk factors vs. Patients without specific risk factors was evaluated on Surgical Site Infection (SSI) incidence (95% CI 11.1-16.6). The overall incidence of surgical site infection was 12.6%, with significant risk factors including female gender, ASA score III, diabetes with hypertension, and pre-operative hospital stays >7 days.
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