The nonadditive intermolecular potential for water revised

The results of an improved version of a nonadditive intermolecular model for water that explicitly includes the nonadditive polarization energy are reported. The original polarizable water potential model (POL1), upon which the improved version is based, was developed by Caldwell, Dang, and Kollman [J. Am. Soc. Chem. 112, 9144 (1990)]. To improve the POL1 model, we developed a new set of atomic polarizabilities that reproduce the experimental molecular polarizability for water using the atom–dipole interaction model (Applequist, Carl, and Fung [J. Am. Soc. Chem. 94, 2952 (1972)]). Using the new atomic polarizabilities, we optimized the Lennard-Jones parameters for O–O interactions to improve the model. As expected, the new model has improved the radial distribution functions and the average potential energy for liquid water as well as the density and the average total dipole moment. The model is then used to compute the binding energies of Cs+–water clusters. Without the need for three-body forces (ion–water–water interaction), the agreement between the results of molecular-dynamics simulations and experimental energies of cluster formation is very good.