No pressure, no worries: A general, functional-group-tolerant, mild system for the Pd-catalyzed carbonylation of aryl chlorides to the corresponding amides has been developed. The catalyst operates at 1 atm CO using an inexpensive, air-stable, and commercially available ligand (see scheme, Cy=cyclohexyl). Sodium phenoxide is a critical additive in this transformation; its role has been studied using in situ IR spectroscopy.
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Martinelli et al. (2007) studied this question.
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