Satellite-based climate change trends and their implication for noncommunicable diseases in Nigeria (2003–2022)

Climate change is increasingly recognized as a driver of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), particularly in Nigeria. This study investigates climate change trends in Nigeria using NASA GIOVANNI satellite data (2003–2022) and explores their potential implications for the prevalence of NCDs. We analyzed 20 years of satellite-derived data on temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), ozone (O3), and carbon monoxide (CO) using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and normality tests. The annual temperature trends indicate a slight increase in daytime temperature (DT) and nighttime temperature (NT) by 0.02 °C and 0.015 °C per year, reflecting global warming patterns. Relative humidity (RH) increased by 0.1% per year, suggesting more atmospheric moisture. CO2 and CH4 steadily increased 2.1 ppm and 5 ppb per year. CO has decreased over time by about 3 ppb per year. O3 levels remained stable with minor fluctuations. Descriptive statistics reveal a low variability in temperature, RH, CH4 and O3 but high variability in CO2. Scatter plots demonstrate strong positive linear relationships between DT/NT measurements. Correlation analyses reveal moderate to strong correlations between DT and NT measurements. CO2 shows strong negative correlations with CO and positive correlations with CH4. The study concludes that the observed changes in atmospheric parameters may influence local climate and NCDs in Nigeria.