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Abstract For a large-scale dynamic system, the efficiency of computation becomes a vital work sometimes in engineering practices. As a layered structural system, ballastless track and substructure occupy most part of the degrees of freedom of the whole system. It is, therefore, rather important to optimize the structural models in dynamic equation formulations. In this work, a three-dimensional and coupled model for multi-rigid-body of train and finite elements of track and substructures is presented by multi-scale assemble and matrix reassemble method. The matrix reassembling tactic is based on the multi-scale assemble method, through which the finite element matrix bandwidth is greatly narrowed, and the Cholesky factorization, iterative and multi-time-step solution have been introduced to efficiently obtain the train, track and substructure responses. The subgrade and its subsoil works as a typical substructural system, and comparisons with the previous model without matrix reassembling, SIMPACK and ABAQUS have been conducted to fully validate the efficiency and accuracy of this train–track–subgrade dynamic interaction model.
Xu et al. (Sat,) studied this question.