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All bound up: A poly(L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine)-based ligand converts hydrophobic nanoparticles into hydrophilic and biocompatible species through several binding modes. Nanoparticles functionalized with this ligand (see picture) are highly stable in various aqueous solutions. A successful in vivo MRI application using functionalized Fe3O4 nanoparticles confirmed their suitability for various biomedical applications.
Ling et al. (Fri,) studied this question.