The orientation and interfacial location of both the cation and anion of the ionic liquids 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium methyl sulfate and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium methanesulfonate have been determined by sum-frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. The results indicate that both the cation and anion occupy the first layer at the gas−liquid interface. Further, the methyl groups of the cation and anion are directed away from the liquid phase into the gas phase.
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Santos et al. (2007) studied this question.
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