Europe towards 2050

In the 2008 crisis aftermath a number of economic and political scenarios were developed in Europe, particularly relevant were the Barroso 2020 Scenarios (2010), and the Juncker White Paper on the Future of Europe (2017). During this period MCRIT Ltd participated in a c applied research projects in the ESPON Program (www.espon.eu) exploring future scenarios for Europe, in which this article is based. While economic or political scenarios drafted from 2010−2020 are of little interest once a new crisis replaced the 2008 crisis, from 2020 onwards (e.g. temporary like Covid-19 pandemic and Ukraine war, more permanent like climate change) scenarios drafted from a spatial perspective are more structural and remain politically meaningful.