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Shrimp is a major global aquatic product, contributing significantly to both food security and the economy. Despite the increasing global production of farmed shrimp, challenges such as disease outbreaks, size variation, and limited reproductive success remain significant barriers to sustainable shrimp aquaculture. Improving reproductive maturation in captivity is therefore a key determinant for the long-term sustainability of the shrimp industry. Advancements in omics technologies, including transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and integrated multi-omics approach, have revolutionized our understanding of the complex processes governing shrimp reproduction. This review examines multi-omics studies from 2014 to 2025 that investigate shrimp reproductive maturation in different angles ranging from hormonal and genetic regulation impacts, dietary influences, and environmental factors. These studies have identified key hormonal pathways, tissue-specific markers, and regulatory genes associated with gonadal maturation in both intrinsic (genetic) and extrinsic (nutrients and environments) influences. The molecular mechanisms revealed by these advanced multi-omics studies enable targeted management of shrimp farming such as feed formulations optimization and aquaculture system development. Future perspectives highlight the need to harness insights from multi-omics approaches to promote shrimp maturation through sustainable practices, thereby eliminating invasive methods such as eyestalk ablation. Moreover, the current lack of comprehensive molecular databases encompassing nucleotide, protein, and metabolite information remains a critical bottleneck. Expanding and openly sharing these resources will be essential to maximize the power of integrated omics and accelerate innovation in shrimp aquaculture.
Sittikankaew et al. (Tue,) studied this question.