Revisiting and updating a typology of resistance through historical and empirical examples, suggesting a holistic perspective.
In this paper we revisit our 2004 article, ‘Conceptualizing Resistance’, and its typology of resistance. Reflecting on our empirical work on resistance since then, we argue that while our typology was useful, we now see the need for a more holistic approach to resistance, one that considers the temporal, spatial, and interactional parameters of resistance. We support our argument with illustrations from our own respective work on Jewish resistance during the Holocaust and women’s resistance to sexual assault.
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Einwohner et al. (2026) studied this question.
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