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This report aims to discuss the adverse neurological effects associated with prolonged phenytoin therapy, focusing on cerebellar atrophy.

Therapeutic yet toxic: Phenytoin-associated cerebellar atrophy

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This report aims to discuss the adverse neurological effects associated with prolonged phenytoin therapy, focusing on cerebellar atrophy.
Described a case of a 24-year-old male with epilepsy on long-term phenytoin therapy.
Performed neurological examinations, laboratory evaluations, and brain MRI to assess cerebellar function.
Reviewed clinical history to correlate symptoms with chronic phenytoin exposure and imaging findings.
The patient exhibited progressive gait imbalance, truncal instability, and dysarthria.
Magnetic resonance imaging revealed diffuse cerebral and cerebellar atrophy.
Clinical symptoms partially stabilized following withdrawal from phenytoin, implicating the drug in cerebellar degeneration.

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Case report reveals phenytoin-induced cerebellar degeneration in a young male, suggesting need for careful monitoring.

Gumma et al. (2026) studied this question.

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