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The article focuses on questions concerning the validity of a convergent stakeholder theory that would allow the theoretical integration of stakeholder research. It states that the proposed convergent theory lacks empirically testable constructs and explanatory relationships that could be found in established social scientific theories, and that conditions need to be identified where empirical and theoretical limitations can be tolerated so to allow for an empirically adequate and more complete theory. It suggests stakeholder theory could best be characterized as a stakeholder research tradition incorporating shared concepts and normative concerns for organizational-stakeholder relations.
Treviño et al. (Thu,) studied this question.