Graphene quantum dots for breast cancer treatment

INTRODUCTION: Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have emerged as promising nanomaterials for controlled drug delivery and breast cancer treatment, thanks to their biocompatibility, large surface area, and tunable optical properties. AREAS COVERED: This review explores their synthesis, characterization, and application in breast cancer therapy, highlighting their role as drug carriers and theranostic platforms. EXPERT OPINION: Some studies suggest that the efficiency of drug release depends on factors such as pH, mechanical stress, light exposure and temperature, which vary according to the type of nanocarrier and the experimental conditions. Moreover, combining GQDs with other nanomaterials enhances stability, selectivity, and therapeutic efficacy. These advancements underscore their potential as an innovative approach for targeted treatment and cancer diagnosis.