Ordered nanorod (∼φ50 nm) arrays of TiO 2 −Ru and TiO 2 −RuO 2 embedded in porous alumina films were prepared from sputtered Al/ITO films on glass substrates through successive processes of anodization and cathodic electrodeposition. The microstructure of the nanorod arrays was investigated by field-emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, and the chemical states of the titanium and ruthenium elements in the nanorods were analyzed through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The as-electrodeposited nanorods are composed of ruthenium metal and amorphous titanium(IV) oxide/hydroxide, while the nanorods after being heated at 600 °C for 2 h are polycrystalline and composed of nano-crystals (5−20 nm across) of tetragonal anatase TiO 2 and cubic RuO 2 .
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Kure‐Chu et al. (2003) studied this question.
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