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A feasibility study of the four types of controlled sources realized in bipolar form is undertaken. The results are used in designing a PCM lowpass filter of which the total amplitude variance due to passive and active non‐idealities is minimized. The circuit yield is determined using Monte Carlo simulation. For this particular application, a comparison shows preferable behaviour using transimmitances (e.g. operational transconductance amplifiers) than using gain elements such as the opamp.
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Brugger et al. (1982) studied this question.
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