Clinicians must maintain a high index of suspicion for neuroleptic malignant syndrome in HIV/AIDS patients presenting with fever and altered consciousness.
Supports heightened vigilance for neuroleptic malignant syndrome in AIDS patients with fever; leaves open need for prospective studies on incidence and diagnostics.
Patients infected by the human immunodeficiency virus are predisposed to many infectious and noninfectious complications and often receive a variety of drugs. Furthermore, they seem to have a particular susceptibility to idiosyncratic adverse drug reactions. It is therefore surprising that only a few cases of the neuroleptic malignant syndrome have been described in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. A high index of suspicion is required to diagnose the neuroleptic malignant syndrome in these patients, as its usual manifestations, including fever and altered consciousness, are frequently attributed to an underlying infection.
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Hernández et al. (1997) studied this question.
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