Influence of a single hemodialysis on left ventricular energy loss and wall shear stress in patients with uremic cardiomyopathy assessed with vector flow mapping

Figures

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  Figure 1. A flow diagram showing the inclusion and exclusion criteria for this study. ESRD, end-stage renal disease.

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  Figure 2. Time-flow curve in the left ventricular apical. (A) Two-chamber view in T1. (B) Four-chamber view in T5. T1, early diastolic phase, T5, late systolic phase.

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  Figure 3. EL of the left ventricle. (A) The summation (EL-SUM) and average EL of the left ventricle (EL-AVE). (B) EL-AVE in the basal (EL-base), middle (EL-mid), and apical (EL-apex) segments of the left ventricle. EL, energy loss; EL-SUM, summation of energy loss; EL-AVE, average energy loss.

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  Figure 4. WSS of the left ventricle. WSS, wall shear stress.

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  Figure 5. EL-AVE of the left ventricle in EL-base, El-mid, and EL-apex before and after HD. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 vs. clinical data before hemodialysis. HD, hemodialysis; T1, early-diastolic phase; T2, mid-diastolic phase; T3, late-diastolic phase; T4, early- systolic phase; T5, late-systolic phase; Pre-HD, before hemodialysis; Post-HD, after hemodialysis; EL, energy loss; EL-AVE, average energy loss.