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All systems GO! An intracellular protease sensor is based on the covalent conjugate of graphene oxide and peptide substrates with fluorophore labels. The conjugate can be delivered into live cells and provides specific, high-contrast imaging of caspase-3 activation (see picture; orange=cell penetration peptide, blue/black=caspase-3 peptide probe).
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Wang et al. (2011) studied this question.
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