Prevalence of Periodontitis in Patients with Arterial Hypertension Followed in Dakar (Senegal)

Periodontitis is an infectious, multifactorial disease associated with a dysbiotic microbiome. It manifests itself as inflammation of the superficial periodontium and progressive destruction of the deep periodontium. The prevalence of severe periodontitis is estimated at 7.4%, while that of milder forms could be as high as 50%. Arterial hypertension is a major public health problem, affecting more than 30% of adults worldwide. In Africa, particularly Senegal, there is a lack of epidemiological data linking these two diseases. The aim of this article was to determine the prevalence of periodontitis in a population of hypertensive monitored in Senegal. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out on 112 patients with hypertension, followed a stratified random sampling with proportional allocation was carried out. For each participant, a periodontal clinical examination was performed. The data collected were entered into a Microsoft Excel 19 spreadsheet on Windows and analysed using STATA 17/IC/Mac software. The results showed a 50% prevalence of periodontitis in the study population, with 47.32% for severe forms and 2.68% for moderate forms. The 45 - 65 age group was the most representative. More than 2/3 of the study population were female, with a sex ratio of 0.47. 58.04% of patients had grade 2; 33.04% had grade 1, while only 8.92% had grade 3. Hypertension and periodontitis are two highly prevalent conditions worldwide, with a significant impact on the complications of cardiovascular disease. Our study highlighted the increased prevalence of periodontitis in patients with arterial hypertension.