Associations of serum low-density lipoprotein and systolic blood pressure levels with type 2 diabetic patients with and without peripheral neuropathy: systemic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis of observational studies

Figures

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  Fig. 1. PRISMA diagram for selection of studies (n = number of studies)

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  Fig. 2. Forest plot of the association between serum LDL level and type 2 diabetic peripheral neuropathy. The differences between DPN and non-DPN groups calculated with standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in the random effect model

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  Fig. 3. Summary receiver operating characteristic curve for serum LDL level and subgroup analysis based on race (a) and study design (b). Weights are from random effects analysis

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  Fig. 4. Forest plot of the association between SBP level and type 2 diabetic peripheral neuropathy. These plots show the prognostics accuracy of SBP for all objective response analysis. The differences between DPN and non-DPN groups calculated with standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in the random effect model

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  Fig. 5. Sub group analysis to evaluation the difference of SBP level between DPN and non-DPN in patients with T2DM based of different race (a) and study design (b). Weights are from random effects analysis

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  Fig. 6. Meta regression results. Meta regression analysis for LDL based on age of participants (a) and year of publication (b) is in compare with meta-regression analysis for SBP based on age of participants (c) and year of publication (d). The size of each square is proportional to the percentage weight that each study contributed to the standardized mean difference (SDM) ratio. Weights are from random effects analysis

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  Fig. 7. Contour-enhanced funnel plots for the detection of a publication bias of the LDL (a) and SBP (b). All enrolled 16 studies represent by each point for the specified association, individually. The size of each circle is proportional to the percentage weight that each study contributed to the standardized mean difference (SDM). These plots indicate that some studies were in significant areas where P < 0.01 (solid lines). Solid triangles refer to included studies and X’s refer to filled studies. The vertical axis represents standard error of logarithmic HR and the horizontal axis represents the SDM limits. CIs, confidence intervals; HR, hazard ratio