The field of integrated optics is concerned with the development of thin-film components for performing a variety of operations on guided light beams-modulation, switching, beam deflection, frequency shifting, directional coupling, frequency-selective coupling, power division, frequency mixing, etc. Most integrated optics research in recent years has employed lithium niobate as the substrate material. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art in ferroelectric components for integrated optics, and discusses applications in communications, signal processing, and sensor systems. The need for substrate materials with improved electrooptic and acoustooptic properties and lower susceptibility to optical damage is also discussed.
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Henry F. Taylor (1983) studied this question.
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