Key result
Male sex was associated with a significantly higher adjusted prevalence ratio of hypertension compared to female sex in both urban (PR 2.40) and rural (PR 1.82) Iranian adolescents.
Why the study?
Nationwide trends of pre-hypertension and hypertension comparing urban and rural adolescents in Iran had not been assessed.
Cross-Sectional (n=9,715)
Yes
There is a high and constant prevalence of pre-hypertension and hypertension among Iranian adolescents in both urban and rural areas, with boys being more affected than girls.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
May inform sex-stratified hypertension screening in similar adolescent populations; leaves open generalizability and causal mechanisms.
BACKGROUND: The current nationwide study, for the first time, aimed to assess and compare the trend of pre-hypertension and hypertension among urban and rural adolescents in Iran. METHODS: This study has been conducted in the framework of the National Surveys of Risk Factors for Non-Communicable Diseases. To estimate pre-hypertension and hypertension prevalence among 9715 adolescents, aged 15-19 years, data collected in four repeated cross-sectional surveys (2007-2011) has been used. The prevalence trends of pre-hypertension and hypertension were examined across urban and rural areas of Iran. To calculate the adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) of pre-hypertension and hypertension over cycles across area of residence and genders, a complex sample survey and multinomial logistic analysis were performed. RESULTS: Using the definition of pre-hypertension and hypertension presented by the seventh Joint National Committee (JNC-VII) for adolescents, after adjusting for confounders, the prevalence of pre-hypertension changed in both urban (boys:28.96% to 29.24% and girls:18.33% to 20.06%) and rural (boys 31.58% to 32.05% and girls 22.25% to 24.13%) areas over the study duration. Non-significant rising prevalence of hypertension was also observed in boys and girls of both regions (urban 12.76% to 15.04% and 8.02% to 9.06%; rural 9.95% to 11.79% and 10.35% to 11.60%, for boys and girls respectively). The adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) of pre-hypertension (2.16; 95% CI 1.68-2.79 and 1.92, 95% CI 1.57-2.34, in urban and rural, respectively) and hypertension (2.40; 95% CI 1.65-3.51 and 1.82, 95% CI 1.36-2.45, in urban and rural, respectively) were higher in boys than girls. Comparing the adjusted PRs of pre-hypertension and hypertension in urban versus rural areas, in both genders, showed higher PRs of pre-hypertension in rural girls (1.33, 95% CI 1.01-1.75). CONCLUSION: The current results showed high constant trends of pre-hypertension and hypertension in Iranian boys and girls, residing in both urban and rural areas.
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Amiri et al. (2019) conducted a cross-sectional in Pre-hypertension and hypertension (n=9,715). Male sex vs. Female sex was evaluated on Hypertension prevalence (urban) (PR 2.40, 95% CI 1.65-3.51). Male sex was associated with a significantly higher adjusted prevalence ratio of hypertension compared to female sex in both urban (PR 2.40) and rural (PR 1.82) Iranian adolescents.
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