Key result
Novel foot-and-mouth disease vaccines, including recombinant and synthetic types, are being developed to address the limitations of traditional inactivated vaccines.
This review highlights the limitations of current inactivated FMD vaccines and discusses the progress and challenges in developing novel vaccine alternatives for livestock.
May guide next-generation FMD vaccine strategies; leaves open efficacy and safety validation in trials.
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) has been a major threat to livestock across the world. The predominant method of controlling this disease in endemic regions is through regular vaccination with inactivated vaccine. However, there are many limitations. For instance, cultivation of virulent FMD virus (FMDV) in the manufacturing units poses a risk of escape from production sites. Vaccines may sometimes contain traces of FMD viral non-structural proteins (NSPs), therefore, interfering with the NSP-based serological differentiation infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA). Moreover, vaccines are unable to eliminate virus from carrier animals. To address the shortcomings of inactivated vaccines, many efforts are currently devoted to develop novel vaccines including attenuated and/or marker inactivated vaccines, recombinant protein vaccines, synthetic peptide vaccines, and empty capsid vaccines. Here, we review the research progress of novel vaccines, problems that remain to be solved, and also raise some suggestions that would help in the development of FMD vaccines.
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Cao et al. (2016) conducted a review in Foot-and-mouth disease. Novel FMD vaccines vs. Inactivated vaccines was evaluated. Novel foot-and-mouth disease vaccines, including recombinant and synthetic types, are being developed to address the limitations of traditional inactivated vaccines.
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