Key result
The highest encapsulation efficiency of VP1 protein in liposomes was 91% using hydration with 7M urea, which released more than 90% of its protein content after 240 hours.
Why the study?
To compare four methods of encapsulating isolated foot-and-mouth disease virus VP1 protein into liposomes and determine the extruding effect.
The urea hydration method provides the highest encapsulation efficiency (91%) for formulating VP1 protein of FMDV into nanoliposomes, which may serve as an effective vaccine delivery system.
Targeting G-H loop may refine FMD vaccines; leaves open translation to improved formulations.
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an acute and highly contagious disease in livestock, such as cattle, sheep, and pigs, leading to a lot of economic losses. The current FMD vaccines formulated by inactivated whole-virus and adjuvant successfully reduce disease outbreaks in many regions of the world. Immunological studies on FMD viruses revealed that the dominant epitope in arising neutral antibody response is amino acid residues constructing the G-H loop, constituting a surface loop of the structural protein, termed VP1. Liposomes as one of the most well-known vehicles are considered an important carrier in vaccine development, and their function is used to encapsulate purified VP1 protein based on their size, charge, and lipid content. Accordingly, the VP1 protein was isolated from the FMD virus. This study aimed to compare four methods of VP1 protein encapsulation in the liposome and the extruding effect, as follows: 1) VP1 protein was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide and added to the lipid film hydrated by ethanol, 2) the lipid film was hydrated by VP1 protein with 7M urea, 3) the lipid film was hydrated by VP1 protein and freeze-thawed, and 4) the lipid film was hydrated by VP1 protein. The highest encapsulation efficiency was 91% in the second method which purified protein-containing urea. The VP1 protein in the prepared liposome (1, 2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine: 1, 2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine: cholesterol) released more than 90% of protein content after 240 h.
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Kazemi et al. (2022) studied Foot-and-mouth disease. VP1 protein encapsulation in liposome vs. Alternative encapsulation methods was evaluated on Encapsulation efficiency. The highest encapsulation efficiency of VP1 protein in liposomes was 91% using hydration with 7M urea, which released more than 90% of its protein content after 240 hours.
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