Key result
In guinea pigs challenged with FMDV 28 days after immunization, one dose of the SNA-VLPs vaccine achieved an 83.3% protection rate, comparable to the ISA-206 control group.
Why the study?
Foot-and-mouth disease virus-like particles opened a new direction for subunit vaccines, creating an urgent need for an effective, safe adjuvant to facilitate better immune responses.
Does SNA-adjuvanted FMD-VLPs vaccine improve immune response and protection against FMDV in mice and guinea pigs?
Does SNA-adjuvanted FMD-VLPs vaccine improve immune response and protection against FMDV in mice and guinea pigs?
Absolute Event Rate: 83.3% vs 83.3%
A novel squalane nano-emulsion adjuvant significantly enhances the immune response and provides high protection rates when paired with an FMD-VLPs vaccine in animal models.
SNA-CpG nano-emulsion may boost FMD-VLP responses in animals; leaves open translation to veterinary vaccines.
The successful development of foot-and-mouth disease virus-like particles (FMD-VLPs) has opened a new direction for researching a novel subunit vaccine for foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). Therefore, it is urgent to develop an adjuvant that is highly effective and safe to facilitate a better immune response to be pair with the FMD-VLP vaccine. In this research, we prepared a new nano-emulsion adjuvant based on squalane (SNA) containing CpG using the pseudo-ternary phase diagram method and the phase transformation method. The SNA consisted of Span85, Tween60, squalane, polyethene glycol-400 (PEG400) and CpG aqueous solution. The average particle diameter of the SNA was about 95 nm, and it exhibited good resistance to centrifugation, thermal stability, and biocompatibility. Then, SNA was emulsified as an adjuvant to prepare foot-and-mouth disease virus-like particles vaccine, BALB/c mice and guinea pigs were immunized, and we evaluated the immunization effect. The immunization results in mice showed that the SNA-VLPs vaccine significantly increased specific antibody levels in mice within 4 weeks, including higher levels of IgG1 and IgG2a. In addition, it increased the levels of IFN-γ and IL-1β in the immune serum of mice. Meanwhile, guinea pig-specific and neutralizing antibodies were considerably increased within 4 weeks when SNA was used as an adjuvant, thereby facilitating the proliferation of splenic lymphocytes. More importantly, in guinea pigs immunized with one dose of SNA-VLPs, challenged with FMDV 28 days after immunization, the protection rate can reach 83.3%, which is as high as in the ISA-206 control group. In conclusion, the novel squalane nano-emulsion adjuvant is an effective adjuvant for the FMD-VLPs vaccine, indicating a promising adjuvant for the future development of a novel FMD-VLPs vaccine.
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Shi et al. (2022) studied Foot-and-mouth disease. SNA-VLPs vaccine (squalane nano-emulsion adjuvant with FMD-VLPs) vs. ISA-206 control group was evaluated on Protection rate against FMDV challenge at 28 days after immunization in guinea pigs. In guinea pigs challenged with FMDV 28 days after immunization, one dose of the SNA-VLPs vaccine achieved an 83.3% protection rate, comparable to the ISA-206 control group.
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