The alga symbiotic with the “By the Wind Sailor” Vellela vellela L. (Hydrozoa, Chondrophora) collected off the coast of California, and the alga symbiotic with the hydrocoral Millepora dichotoma Forskal (Hydrozoa, Milleporina) from the Gulf of Aqaba, were isolated and brought into unialgal, axenic culture. Based on light microscopy and ultrastructure analyses by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, the algal population from V. velella is described as Scrippsiella velellae sp. nov. (Peridiniales). The algal population from the dark morph of M. dichotoma is decribed as Gloedinium viscum sp. nov. (Phytodiniales). These are the first descriptions of symbiotic dinoflagellate belonging to the orders Peridiniales and Phytodiniates. When viewed with descriptions of symbiotic dinoglagellates belonging to the Prorocentrales and Gymnodiniales, the evidence currently points to seven genera in four orders of dinoflagellates having representatives that have entered a symbiotic mode of existence.
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Banaszak et al. (1993) studied this question.
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