Natural Clearance of Prolonged VDPV Infection in a Child With Primary Immunodeficiency Disorder

Figure 1. The accumulation of changes in the VP1 genomic region of 13 sequential poliovirus type 3 isolates under study. The actual observed data and the variability of the repeated measurements over the time of observation have been indicated. The data were adjusted to linear functions for the accumulation of substitutions. The two lines show the best-fitting linear trend to the observed positive data with and without an intercept. The line with no intercept implies infection at the time of birth, because it goes through 0% divergence at age 0. The better-fitting line with the intercept shows a steeper increase in divergence. Regression with intercept: equation for the line: estimated % divergence while excreting Y = 0.112 x, x = age (months), Y = estimated % divergence, R2 = 0.85. Regression without intercept: equation for the line: estimated % divergence while excreting Y = 0.192x – 5, where x = age (months), Y = estimated % divergence, R2 = 0.99.

Figure 2. Estimation of cytokine/chemokine levels in the serum samples of the SCID patient tested positive for VDPV3 and abruptly stopped poliovirus shedding after 2 years of continuous excretion at the age of 6 years. The serum samples collected from the child during poliovirus excretion period (4 and 5th year) and after viral clearance (6 and 7th year) were tested by multiplex cytokine ELISA. The assays were performed twice and the mean and standard error were considered for evaluating the statistical significance by Student's t-test. * represents p < 0.05, ** represent p < 0.01, and *** indicate p < 0.001. (A) Estimation of pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. (B) Estimation of Th2 cytokine levels. (C) Estimation of interferon levels. (D) Estimation of chemokine levels in the SCID patient before and after poliovirus clearance.