Key result
A 2015 outbreak of Echovirus 30 in Gansu Province, China, predominantly affected children aged 6 to 15 years and was caused by highly similar lineage 2 strains with 99.3-100% genome identity.
Why the study?
Although Echovirus 30 outbreaks associated with encephalitis have been reported globally, none had been reported in northwest China until 2015.
Observational (n=95)
The 2015 Echovirus 30 outbreak in Gansu Province was a genetically linked aggregate outbreak primarily affecting children aged 6-15, highlighting the complex genetic transmission and oscillating patterns of E-30 in China.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
First E-30 encephalitis outbreak reported in northwest China; extends regional epidemiology but leaves myocarditis risk and surveillance needs open.
BACKGROUND: Echovirus 30 (E-30) has been investigated and reported worldwide and is closely associated with several infectious diseases, including encephalitis; myocarditis; and hand, foot, and mouth disease. Although many E-30 outbreaks associated with encephalitis have been reported around the world, it was not reported in northwest China until 2015. METHODS: The clinical samples, including the feces, serum, throat swabs, and cerebrospinal fluid, were collected for this study and were analyzed for diagnosis. E-30 was isolated and processed according to the standard procedures. The epidemiological and phylogenetic analysis were performed to indicate the characteristics of E-30 outbreaks and phylodynamics of E-30 in China. RESULTS: The E-30 outbreaks affected nine towns of Gansu Province in 2015, starting at a school of Nancha town and spreading to other towns within 1 month. The epidemiological features showed that children aged 6-15 years were more susceptible to E-30 infection. The genotypes B and C cocirculated in the world, whereas the latter dominated the circulation of E-30 in China. The genome sequences of this outbreak present 99.3-100% similarity among these strains, indicating a genetic-linked aggregate outbreak of E-30 in this study. Two larger genetic diversity expansions and three small fluctuations of E-30 were observed from 1987 to 2016 in China, which revealed the oscillating patterns of E-30 in China. In addition, the coastal provinces of China, such as Zhejiang, Fujian, and Shandong, were initially infected, followed by other parts of the country. The E-30 strains isolated from mainland of China may have originated from Taiwan of China in the last century. CONCLUSION: The highly similar E-30 genomes in this outbreak showed an aggregate outbreak of E-30, with nine towns affected. Our results suggested that, although the genetic diversity of E-30 oscillates, the dominant lineages of E-30 in China has complex genetic transmission. The coastal provinces played an important role in E-30 spread, which implied further development of effective countermeasures. This study provides a further insight into the E-30 outbreak and transmission and illustrates the importance of valuable surveillance in the future.
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Chen et al. (2020) conducted an observational in Viral encephalitis (Echovirus 30 infection) (n=95). Echovirus 30 exposure was evaluated. A 2015 outbreak of Echovirus 30 in Gansu Province, China, predominantly affected children aged 6 to 15 years and was caused by highly similar lineage 2 strains with 99.3-100% genome identity.
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