Characterization of enterovirus 71 infection and associated outbreak of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease in Shawo of China in 2012

Figures

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  Figure 1. Geographic location of Shawo Township in China. The map is drawn with Microsoft PowerPoint 2013 Software and further modified and converted to TIF format in Adobe Photoshop CS5.

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  Figure 2. Distribution of the HFMD cases and those containing enteroviruses between September 1 to October 28, 2016. The cases were tested positive for enterovirus (EVU), enterovirus 71 (EV71), and coxsackievirus 16 (CVA16), and positive for both EV71 and CVA16 (EV71/CVA16), respectively.

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  Figure 3. Age distribution of the HFMD cases (A) and those containing enteroviruses (B). The cases were tested positive for enterovirus (EVU), enterovirus 71 (EV71), and coxsackievirus 16 (CVA16), and for both EV71 and CVA16 (EV71/CVA16), respectively.

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  Figure 4. Gender distribution of the HFMD cases and those containing enteroviruses. The cases were tested positive for enterovirus (EVU), enterovirus 71 (EV71), and coxsackievirus 16 (CVA16), and for both EV71 and CVA16 (EV71/CVA16), respectively.

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  Figure 5. Sequence alignment of a part of the VP1 genes among EV71 strains isolated in Shawo (SW12004, SW12023, and SW12092) and the reference viruses. The reference viruses include BrCr (a genotype A strain from US in 1968), FYC4 (a genotype C4 strain from Fuyang, Anhui of China in 2008), Wuhan1170 (a genotype C4 strain isolated from the nearby city of Wuhan in the Hubei Province in 2011), and NC10007 (a genotype C4 strain isolated from the city of Nanchang in the distant Jiangxi Province in 2010). The nucleotides that are not identical among the virus strains are highlighted. Numbering starts at the 5′ terminus of the EV71 genome.

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  Figure 6. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequences of EV71 isolates from Shawo and the reference viruses. We carried out sequence comparison of different strains using alignment of the sequences of a part of the VP1 region, following the procedures described in the Methods2930.