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A new species of Hyphessobrycon is described from the middle and lower rio Xingu Basin, Pará state, Brazil. The new species can be distinguished from all congeners by the combination of a large caudal peduncle blotch (largest in mature males), absence of humeral blotch, and largest teeth on dentary, inner premaxillary and maxillary relatively compressed with 6–9 cusps. The new species is compared to three other congeners with similar color pattern: Hyphessobrycon diastatosDagosta, Marinho & Camelier 2014, Hy. negodaguaLima & Gerhard 2001, and Hy. parvellus Ellis 1911, and one species of Hemigrammus, He. rodwayi Durbin 1909.
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Faria et al. (2018) studied this question.
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