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Thermal fluctuations lead to nonspherical distortions of liquid microdroplets with typical amplitude {Δ}{~}0.1 nm. The 2l+1 modes of a multiplet are then split in frequency by a fractional amount of order {Δ}/a{~}10^-5, where a is the droplet radius. The width of the multiplet in the frequency domain implies a proportionate reduction in the photon storage lifetime and can limit the effective Q value defined by the photon lifetime to Q₀{~}(a/{Δ}{ε}){~}(10⁵/{ε}), where {ε} (01) is process dependent and expresses the fraction of the modes of the multiplet effectively coupled in the process. The theory behind this scenario is presented.
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Lai et al. (1990) studied this question.
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