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A strong electron-withdrawing group, sulfonyl, was firstly introduced to a semiconducting polymer, PBDTTT-S. The PCE of the PBDTTT-S device reached 6.22% with a high open-circuit voltage of 0.76 V. The sulfonyl group is thus a promising candidate as a strong electron-withdrawing group applied to high-efficiency PSCs.
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Huang et al. (2011) studied this question.
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