Torben Dabelsteen, Simon Boel Pedersen, Song Parts Adapted to Function Both at Long and Short Ranges May Communicate Information about the Species to Female Blackbirds Turdus merula, Ornis Scandinavica (Scandinavian Journal of Ornithology), Vol. 19, No. 3 (Sep., 1988), pp. 195-198
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Dabelsteen et al. (1988) studied this question.
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