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The paramagnetic resonance spectrum in crystals of GdCl 3 diluted with LaCl 3 and CeCl 3 has been examined. The splitting of the ground level 8 S 7,2 of Gd 3+ in zero magnetic field is small, and has a remarkable temperature dependence. A theory to account for the experimental results is developed, and it is shown that perturbation mechanisms both linear and quadratic in the crystalline field potential are important.
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Hutchison et al. (1957) studied this question.