Comments on Ray's “Militarism, authoritarianism, neuroticism, and antisocial behavior”

in our paper that there were exceptions to this claim, which nevertheless did seem to us a general rule, on the basis of all of the evidence available to us at that time. For example we did note that the militarism scale used in our study had been analyzed into four factors (Eckhardt et al., 1967), only one of which was significantly associated with mental illness (Eckhardt and Newcombe, 1969, pp. 211, 213). We mentioned seven other studies in the reviewed literature (Eckhardt and Lentz, 1967) which reported an association between militarism and neuroticism. Since that time this association has been found in several more studies (Eckhardt, 1969a, 1969b, 1971a, 1972; Eckhardt and Alcock, 1970; Eckhardt, Sloan, and Azar, 1972). Later reviews of studies finding relations between militarism and various neurotic traits have been reported extensively by Hampden-Turner (1970) and Eckhardt (1971b). There have been some exceptions to this general rule, and Ray's first study constitutes one of these exceptions, but the bulk of the evidence seems to us to warrant the claim of an association between militarism and neurotic