Recent advances in structure–activity relationships and modification strategies of Fe- and co-based catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation to high-carbon unsaturated hydrocarbons

The utilization and conversion of carbon dioxide is a key strategy for achieving the “Dual Carbon” goals. The heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide has predominantly centered on the synthesis of low-carbon olefins. However, the transformation of CO 2 into high-carbon unsaturated hydrocarbons (HCUHCs) holds significantly greater practical relevance and economic potential. The paper systematically reviews the latest advancements of Fe-based and Co-based catalysts in the hydrogenation of CO 2 to produce HCUHCs, such as C 5 + alkenes and aromatic hydrocarbons. It focuses on analyzing the structure-performance relationship of the catalysts. The reaction pathways and mechanisms of CO 2 hydrogenation were first determined, followed by a detailed discussion on active phases in Fe-based and Co-based catalysts. The regulatory effects of promoters and supports on the selectivity and catalytic stability were analyzed. This review can help researchers better understand the mechanism and application of CO 2 catalytic conversion.