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A method is presented for analysing isolated symmetrical dipoles and two such parallel nonstaggered dipoles immersed in a homogeneous conducting medium. The results obtained by the present theory are in good agreement with experimental results. The theory is restricted to relatively thin dipoles, and the lengths of the dipoles should not considerably exceed the operating wavelength measured in the conducting medium. An interesting conclusion is reached that the usefulness of the idealised delta-function generator, commonly used in the linear-antenna theory, is restricted to media for which, approximately, σ/ωε<1.
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Dejan B. Popović (1971) studied this question.
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