A highly conductive polymer layer coated on a microstructured indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode is proposed as a simple way to enhance outcoupling in organic light-emitting diodes. The relatively low refractive index of the conductive polymer provides an index contrast between the organic and ITO layers so that structuring of ITO electrodes can result in a significant optical effect.
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Koh et al. (2010) studied this question.
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